edulis in the North Sea and Dutch delta are motivated by: 1) restoring the local ecosystem and increasing the biodiversity in and around the reefs 2) utilizing the possible ability of the reefs to reduce erosion around the base of planned wind turbines and 3) the economic possibility of restoring the flat oyster market to its former glory. edulis restoration projects have been set up in the North Sea, off the coast of the Netherlands (e.g. This may therefore be the ideal time to attempt to restore flat oyster reefs. However, the flat oyster population in the Dutch Delta area is showing signs of recovery, particularly in Lake Grevelingen (Smaal, Kamermans, Van der Have, Engelsma, & Sas, 2015). edulis has declined considerably due to increased mortality as a result of overfishing around the end of the 19 th and beginning of the 20 th centuries (Gercken & Schmidt, 2014) and more recently due to the parasite Bonamia ostreae (Engelsma et al., 2010). The flat oyster not only acted as a keystone species for a rich and productive ecosystem, but also served as an economically profitable fisheries product (Gercken & Schmidt, 2014). The European flat oyster ( Ostrea edulis), was once widespread in the southern North Sea (Olsen, 1883). edulis spat collectors intended for reef restoration purposes but may need further development for cultivation application.
Suspended sacks of bivalve shells show great promise as O. Fouling was heavy and may have prevented larval settlement on collectors deployed too early.In general, most spat were observed on collectors deployed 1–2 weeks after the peak in larval abundance was detected.The most successful spat collectors were sacks of bivalve shells.edulis and the non-indigenous Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) varied between locations and years. Larval abundance, and timing of peaks in abundance for both O.These different types included Chinese hats, Vexar mesh, PVC tubes, and four types of bivalve shells. The results of four different experiments investigating larval abundance, and the use of seven different types of suspended spat collectors in seven locations in the SW Netherlands were compared.Efficient spat collection is essential to both the successful restoration and cultivation of the European flat oyster ( Ostrea edulis).
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